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How GPS Works

GPS, or Global Positioning System, is a series of 24 orbiting satellites that provide receivers with their precise coordinates. There are, in fact, 27 satellites in total, but three of them are only there in case a working one fails. Those who possess a GPS receiver will know exactly where they are located on Earth, making a simple compass seem antiquated by comparison. GPS was invented by the United States Department of Defense for military tactics, but the system is open to the public for general use. The technology has many benefits and is used regularly by millions, although not many people realize how it works.

GPS receivers work by communicating with several satellites at once. When a signal between the receiver and satellites is measured according to how long it took to reach its destination, the receiver's exact location can be determined. A receiver is sure to reach at least four satellites at any given time due to the satellites' placement in the sky. GPS satellites are evenly distributed all around the globe, where they travel at 12,000 miles per hour. They are solar-powered, so they are constantly energized and ready for signal reception.

Measurement is exact between receivers and satellites because all GPS signals travel at the same rate. Measuring distance at that rate requires an accurate clock, however. All GPS receivers use an atomic clock that is regularly updated by the GPS satellites. Also, by communicating with three or more satellites instead of one, there is little room for error. This method of measuring is known as trilateration, which involves the geometry of triangles, and it is commonly used by ship navigators.

Although GPS was originally designed for military applications, there are many practical civilian uses for the technology. Fishermen use marine GPS receivers for finding schools of fish near their boat. Also, campers and hikers can use receivers for navigation in the wild. Modern cars now have the option of being equipped with GPS technology, too, which offers many benefits to drivers trying to find a location or calling for help in an emergency. Uses for GPS are endless and as the technology continues to evolve, it will become a part of everyday life for many people. Popular consumer GPS devices are sold by and Magellan.

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